Ebook Download , by Alain Bertaud
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, by Alain Bertaud
Ebook Download , by Alain Bertaud
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Product details
File Size: 46607 KB
Print Length: 432 pages
Publisher: The MIT Press (November 9, 2018)
Publication Date: November 9, 2018
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B07L3DJVHP
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Former World Bank planner takes an exhaustive, data-backed, logical look at cities around the world, debunking much common wisdom about urban planning and its results for society. A beautifully illustrated and argued book, it will enhance the thinking of anyone who cares about the future of our cities, how land is used and allocated, and how real estate development and "sprawl" proceed.
Alain Bertaud has written a clear, beautifully illustrated, and highly unusual book. His thesis is simple: Urban planners need to understand basic economics – that demand curves slope down and supply curves (usually) slope up – and apply that understanding to their work. As Bertaud emphasizes, however, this attitude is extremely rare among professional urban planners, for whom this book will likely be controversial.For Bertaud, a city is first and foremost a labor market, and as such an urban planner (as he himself has been for over five decades) needs to be aware of land values and the costs of commuting and of construction, as well as the trade-offs that exist among them. The job of the planner is to continuously monitor these magnitudes and to adjust infrastructure and regulations in order to promote the mobility of urban residents and enable complex economic development.When city governments competently provide necessary roads and infrastructure and deal effectively with negative externalities, people can then rely on market values for land, construction, and transport to decide where to build, live, and work. When they attempt to go beyond these critical but limited functions, however, they substitute the conscious design of the urban planner for the far-more complex, robust, and responsive orders that emerge when ordinary people, operating in and through well-functioning markets, make their own decisions. By selecting feasible objectives, such as limiting externalities and providing useful infrastructure, a planner can help foster economic development and affordable housing for its inhabitants. In this view, population density or floor-area ratios should be dependent variables, not policy objectives.Bertaud’s analyses, examples, and conclusions are the practical wisdom of a lifetime of technical study and professional practice. His understanding of the city as a complex, dynamic, and emergent order and his appreciation of the limits of urban design echoes one of the greatest urban thinkers of our time, Jane Jacobs, author of The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Jacobs is famous for having effectively challenged, from the outside, the very planning mentality that Bertaud challenges here as an insider, and I have no doubt that she would have delighted in Order Without Design. Indeed, as someone who has studied Jacobs and written about her ideas it’s easy for me to imagine that, if she had been an urban planner, she might herself have penned a tome very much like Bertaud’s.
This was one of the best books I read in 2018. My main takeaway: urban planning is still like medieval medicine, with doctors trying to leech out bad humours rather than working off of causal models with predictive power.I've long been an admirer of Alain's work. I used to be frustrated by how imprecise many urbanists are in their analysis. Then a few years ago, I found a few of Alain's papers. They opened my eyes to the rigor that was possible when talking about cities while maintaining humility that they are complex systems that cannot be fully understood let alone controlled/designed by a few bureaucrats.Coming from a computer science background, it was satisfying to see the intuitions I'd formed from wandering cities on foot formalized in such an elegant, rigorous way. Instead of using fluffy words like "sustainable" or "livable", you actually had predictive models! His work was so refreshing.Needless to say, I was thrilled when a friend told me that this book was coming out last year. I purchased it immediately and was not disappointed. I consumed it over the course of a week or so, to the dismay of my partner's family with whom I was ostensibly spending the holidays.Order Without Design was so rich and full of insight that I'm currently going back and transcribing all of the notes I took in the margins. The book formalized several things I already understood on an intuitive level, and more importantly it challenged several core beliefs I've held for a while about ideal transport modes.Strong recommend!
Bertaud's book is based on decades of experience from around the world. What is useful about it is that it asks questions and gives answers. It's a very practical guide to planning. Planners should do x, y, and z. Rather than dealing with amorphous questions of equity or community development, it simply tells you what Bertaud experienced. Much of the planning literature deals in abstract theory rather than experience. Having the two is enormously valuable. Bertaud's book, however, keeps reminding us that some principles and questions should guide our plans, such as how long are commutes, what is the ratio of income to rents, etc. Furthermore, it reminds us to be vigilant and monitor changes so that we can anticipate and adapt as new circumstances develop. Without these practical reminders that ground the reader in reality, the abstract theories drift into the clouds leaving important questions and problems unanswered.
An immensely powerful yet balanced book. Bertaud rips into the urban planners of the 20th and 21st centuries for their failure to couch planning in urban economics, but avoids falling into dogmatism. He freely acknowledges where markets fail in cities (such as providing public goods like roads, schools and parks) while laying out conclusive evidence for the central role of markets in making and shaping urban systems (and the consequences that emerge from ignoring them).The nascent market urbanist tendency has been on the rise for much of the past decade. With Order Without Design, market urbanists finally have a flagship text, just as Death and Life of American Cities became rallying point for New Urbanists half a century ago.
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